Background：ADAR1 is also named as ADAR1, DSRAD, G1P1, IFI4. It convert selected adenosine residues into inosine in substrate RNAs containing a relatively short dsRNA region(PMID:15556947). The human ADAR1 gene specifies two size forms of RNA-specific adenosine deaminase, an interferon(IFN) inducible ?150 kDa protein and a constitutively expressed N-terminally truncated ?110 kDa protein, encoded by transcripts with alternative exon 1 structures that initiate from different promoters(PMID:11111054). It has 5 isoforms produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing. Defects in ADAR are a cause of dyschromatosis symmetrical hereditaria(DSH).ADAR1 can form respective homodimers, and this association is essential for its enzymatic activities(PMID:17428802).
