Background：In mice, the agouti gene encodes a paracrine signaling molecule that causes hair follicle melanocytes to synthesize pheomelanin, a yellow pigment, instead of the black or brown pigment, eumelanin. Pleiotropic effects of constitutive expression of the mouse gene include adult-onset obesity, increased tumor susceptibility, and premature infertility. This gene is highly similar to the mouse gene and encodes a secreted protein that may （1） affect the quality of hair pigmentation, （2） act as a pharmacological antagonist of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, （3） play a role in neuroendocrine aspects of melanocortin action, and （4） have a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism in adipocytes.
