The alphacoronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E and the betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, are pathogens responsible for common cold symptoms in humans worldwide. Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43, species BetaCoV 1) was first isolated in 1967 based on human tracheal explants kept in organ culture (OC), and is regarded as the most common human coronavirus worldwide (Tyrrell & Bynoe, 1965). HCoV-OC43 comprises strains detected in highly divergent host species and is thought to have emerged from ancestors in domestic animals such as cattle or swine. Because of the sequence similarities between HCoV-OC43, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and canine respiratory coronavirus, it is believed that zoonotic transmission to humans may have occurred relatively recently, during a human respiratory disease pandemic in 1890 (Vijgen et al., 2005; Corman et al, 2018). Unlike other alpha- and betacoronavirus species, BetaCoV1 and the related mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and HCoV-HKU1 do not appear to have ancestral links to bats.
Coronavirus enters the cell via the endocytic route by binding to the host cell attachment receptor, which results in an increased cell surface density of virus particles and (or) facilitates interaction with the fusion receptor. HCoV-OC43 was reported to utilize HLA class I molecule or sialic acids as fusion receptors and to enter the host cell; HCoV-OC43 and bovine coronavirus both bind to N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid (Collins, 1993). The human betacoronaviruses, including HCoV-OC43, are predominantly associated with respiratory tract infections. The group includes viruses that cause the severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East respiratory syndrome. HCoV-OC43 shows highest incidence during winter and spring months (Owczarek et al., 2018 and is associated with respiratory tract illnesses of varying severity (Vabret et al., 2003). It has also been shown to have neuroinvasive properties and in vivo studies in mice have shown that HCoV-OC43 can infect neurons and cause encephalitis. The virus has also been shown to cause persistent infections in human neural-cell lines.
Source:Recombinant protein corresponding to aa18-1295 from Coronavirus OC43 Spike Glycoprotein, strain HCoV-OC43, fused to sheep Fc-Tag at C-terminal, expressed in E. coli.
Molecular Weight:~210kD
Storage and Stability:Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing and store at -70°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
