Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) infects dogs worldwide causing acute contagious respiratory disease (kennel cough). It replicates in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, often causing no signs or only mild respiratory illness. Respiratory disease may be more severe when co-infections with other pathogens such as B. bronchiseptica are present (Buonavoglia & Martella, 2007). CPIV is transmitted primarily through aerosols but can also be spread through direct and indirect contact with infected secretions. Aerosolized parainfluenza viruses have been shown to remain infectious for 4-12 days on a nonporous, plastic surface at 18-20°C (Parkinson et al., 1983).
The virus is composed of a single stranded RNA genome of negative polarity and is surrounded by a lipid envelope of host cell origin. The outer envelope of CPIV has both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity (HN attachment glycoprotein). The virus genome contains seven genes that encode eight proteins: the nucleoprotein (NP), V/phosphoprotein (V/P), matrix (M), fusion (F), small hydrophobic (SH), hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN), and large (L) genes. The HN protein is involved in cell attachment to initiate virus infection and mediates hemagglutination. In addition, HN has neuraminidase activity. The F protein mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. The V protein blocks interferon (IFN) signaling and inhibits IFN synthesis. Interaction of the virus with the IFN system is regarded as a critical factor in the outcome of the infection (reviewed in Buonavoglia & Martella, 2007).
Source: Canine Parainfluenza Virus, strain D008, expressed in MDCK cells.
Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Inactivation:UV and detergent inactivated.
Storage and Stability:Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing and store at -70°C. Aliquots are stable for 6 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
