Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase exists in two isoforms in eukaryotic cells, NDK-A and NDK-B. These enzymes are found expressed both in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm. Nucleoside 5′-Diphosphate Kinase has been used in a study to assess inhibition of type I Fc epsilon receptor mediated Ca2+ influx and mediator secretion in rat mucosal mast cells. It has also been used in a study to investigate protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes.