TGF-b1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-b superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1-7). TGF-b1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-4). Each TGF-b isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-b1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF-b1 cDNA encodes a 390aa precursor that contains a 29aa signal peptide and a 361aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112aa mature TGF-b1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-b1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-b1 complex (8-10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-b binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-b is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF-b1 shares 100%aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-b1, and 99%aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-b1. It demonstrates cross-species activity (1). TGF-b1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-b RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-b RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-b RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-b in different contexts (11).
Source:Recombinant corresponding to aa270-390 from human TGF-b1 expressed in HEK293 cells (P01137).
Molecular Weight:~12.8kD
Biological Activity:Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT-2 mouse T cells.
Endotoxin:<0.10 EU per 1ug of protein by the LAL method
Storage and Stability:Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile buffer or ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
仕様
Size：5ug
Source Antigen：Recombinant, HEK293
Grade：Highly Purified
Purity：~95% (SDS-PAGE)
Form：Supplied as a lyophilized powder in BSA, TFA, acetonitrile. Reconstitute with 4mM HCl.
