Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), also called breast regression protein 39 (BRP39) in mouse, or YKL-40 in humans, is a 39kD glycoprotein member of the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. CHI3L1 was first identified as secreted from cultured articular chondrocytes, synovial cells, and activated monocyte-derived macrophages, but it is also secreted by neutrophils, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and some cancer cells. The mouse CHI3L1 cDNA encodes 381aa, including a 21aa signal sequence and a 360aa mature region with two intermolecular disulfides. Mature mouse CHI3L1 shares 73%, 75%, 72%, 71%, 70% and 69% aa sequence identity with human, rat, equine, porcine, canine and bovine CHI3L1, respectively. CHI3L1 does not show chitotriosidase activity, but binds chitin and is thus termed a chi-lectin. CHI3L1 can bind heparins, probably as heparan sulfate. It has been found to enhance cell adhesion and promote cell signaling, proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Human elevated serum CHI3L1 levels occur in some conditions characterized by inflammation and connective tissue remodeling, such as arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver cirrhosis. Human single nucleotide polymorphisms that can increase serum CHI3L1 are associated with higher risk for asthma in childhood. CHI3L1 is frequently upregulated in glioblastoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma, melanoma and carcinomas of the breast, thyroid, colon, lung, kidney, and ovary. In asthma and cancer, serum CHI3L1 concentrations can correlate with prognosis. Mice lacking CHI3L1 have markedly diminished antigen-induced Th2 responses, which can be rescued by expression of human CHI3L1.
Source:Murine myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Tyr22-Ala381, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
SDS-PAGE: 41kD, reducing conditions
Activity: Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of Fadu human squamous cell carcinoma cells (ATCC:HTB-43). When 5x10e4 cells per well are added to rmCHI3-L1 coated plate, cell adhesion is enhanced in a dose dependent manner after 30 minutes at 37°C. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.8-3.2ug/ml.
Storage and Stability:Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile buffer or ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
