84-6107-95　S100A9 100ug　575503

特徴

• S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response.
• It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism.
• Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions.
• The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation ofthe tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes andactivation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase.
• Activates NADPH-oxidase byfacilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX.
• The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidantscavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities.
• Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration.
• Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER).
• Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade
• Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth.
• Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3.
• Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK.
• Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage byscavenging oxidants.
• Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation inautoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread.
• Hastransnitrosylase activity; in oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein(LDL(ox))-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' proposed to transfer the NO moiety from NOS2/iNOS to GAPDH via its own S-nitrosylated Cys-3.
• The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to also direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif.
• Applications:Suitable for use in ELISA and Immunofluorescence.
• Other applications not tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Immunofluorescence: 1:50-1:200Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
• Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
• Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Store at -20°C.
• Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.