The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of serine/threonine kinases is engaged in multiple cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, MAPK signaling, apoptotic signaling, control of phagocyte NADPH oxidase, and growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth (1,2).
Several mechanisms that induce PAK activity have been reported.
Binding of Rac/Cdc42 to the CRIB (or PBD) domain near the N-terminus of PAK causes autophosphorylation and conformational changes in PAK (1).
Phosphorylation of PAK1 at Thr423 by PDK induces activation of PAK1 (3).
Several autophosphorylation sites have been identified, including Ser199 and Ser204 of PAK1 and Ser192 and Ser197 of PAK2 (4,5).
Because the autophosphorylation sites are located in the N-terminal inhibitory domain, it has been hypothesized that modification in this region prevents the kinase from reverting to an inactive conformation (6).
Research indicates that phosphorylation at Ser144 of PAK1 or Ser139 of PAK3 (located in the kinase inhibitory domain) affects kinase activity (7).
Phosphorylation at Ser21 of PAK1 or Ser20 of PAK2 regulates binding with the adaptor protein Nck (8).
PAK4, PAK5, and PAK6 have lower sequence similarity with PAK1-3 in the amino-terminal regulatory region (9).
Phosphorylation at Ser474 of PAK4, a site analogous to Thr423 of PAK1, may play a pivotal role in regulating the activity and function of PAK4 (10).
Applications:Suitable for use in Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence/Immunocytochemistry and ELISA.
Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:Western Blot: 1:500-1:2000, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in TBS, 5% milk, 0.1% Tween 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight
Immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200Immunofluorescence (IF-IC): 1:100-1:500ELISA (peptide): 1:20,000-1:40,000Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Store at -20°C.
Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
仕様
Size：200ul
Host：rabbit
Source Antibody：human
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from serum.
Form：Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.4, 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol.
Specificity：Recognizes endogenous levels of total human PAK1. Species Crossreactivity: Mouse and rat
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：E IC IF IHC WB
Calc Crossreactivity：Hu Mo Rt
Immunogen：Synthetic peptide corresponding to human PAK1.
