Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic- lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents.
Control of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and involves proteins encoded by a set of autophagy-related genes (Atg) (1).
Formation of autophagic vesicles requires a pair of essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE), which are widely conserved in eukaryotes (2).
Numerous mammalian counterparts to yeast Atg proteins have been described, including three Atg8 proteins (GATE-16, GABARAP, and LC3) and four Atg4 homologues (Atg4A/autophagin-2, Atg4B/autophagin-1, Atg4C/autophagin-3, and Atg4D/autophagin-4) (3-5).
The cysteine protease Atg4 is pivotal to autophagosome membrane generation and regulation.
Atg4 primes the Atg8 homologue for lipidation by cleaving its carboxy terminus and exposing its glycine residue for E1-like enzyme Atg7.
The Atg8 homologue is transferred to the E2-like enzyme Atg3 before forming the Atg8-PE conjugate.
During later stages of autophagy, Atg4 can reverse this lipidation event by cleaving PE, thereby recycling the Atg8 homologue (6).
Atg4C-deficient mice display a tissue-specific decrease in LC3 lipidation only when under stressful conditions such as prolonged starvation.
Mutant mice also exhibit increased susceptibility to the development of chemical carcinogen induced fibrosarcomas suggesting that Atg4C may contribute to events associated with tumor progression (7).
Applications:Suitable for use in Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence/Immunocytochemistry and ELISA.
Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:Western Blot: 1:500-1:2000, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in TBS, 5% milk, 0.1% Tween 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight
Immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200Immunofluorescence (IF-IC): 1:100-1:500ELISA (peptide): 1:20,000-1:40,000Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Store at -20°C.
Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
仕様
Size：100ul
Host：rabbit
Source Antibody：human
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from serum.
Form：Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.4, 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol.
Specificity：Recognizes endogenous levels of total human ATG4C. Species Crossreactivity: Mouse and rat
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：E IC IF IHC WB
Calc Crossreactivity：Hu Mo Rt
Immunogen：Synthetic peptide corresponding to human ATG4C.
