84-5133-55　［取扱停止］PKC Delta/PRKCD 100ul　505973

特徴

• Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is one of the earliest events in a cascade that controls a variety of cellular responses, including secretion, gene expression, proliferation, and muscle contraction.
• PKC isoforms belong to three groups based on calcium dependency and activators.
• Classical PKCs are calcium-dependent via their C2 domains and are activated by phosphatidylserine (PS), diacylglycerol (DAG), and phorbol esters (TPA, PMA) through their cysteine-rich C1 domains.
• Both novel and atypical PKCs are calcium-independent, but only novel PKCs are activated by PS, DAG, and phorbol esters.
• Members of these three PKC groups contain a pseudo-substrate or autoinhibitory domain that binds to substrate-binding sites in the catalytic domain to prevent activation in the absence of cofactors or activators.
• Control of PKC activity is regulated through three distinct phosphorylation events.
• Phosphorylation occurs in vivo at Thr500 in the activation loop, at Thr641 through autophosphorylation, and at the carboxy-terminal hydrophobic site Ser660.
• Atypical PKC isoforms lack hydrophobic region phosphorylation, which correlates with the presence of glutamic acid rather than the serine or threonine residues found in more typical PKC isoforms.
• The enzyme PDK1 or a close relative is responsible for PKC activation.
• A recent addition to the PKC superfamily is PKC Mu (PKD), which is regulated by DAG and TPA through its C1 domain.
• PKD is distinguished by the presence of a PH domain and by its unique substrate recognition and Golgi localization.
• PKC-related kinases (PRK) lack the C1 domain and do not respond to DAG or phorbol esters.
• Phosphatidylinositol lipids activate PRKs, and small Rho-family GTPases bind to the homology region 1 (HR1) to regulate PRK kinase activity.PKC delta is classified among the calcium-independent, diacylglycerol-activated "novel" members of the PKC superfamily, which includes PKC delta, epsilon, eta, and theta.
• Unlike other PKC family members, whose activation appears to contribute to tumorigenesis, PKC gamma appears to function as a tumor suppresor as down-regulation of this enzyme is associated with tumor progression.
• Like other conventional and novel PKCs, PKC delta is potently activated by diacylglycerol and phorbol ester and its kinase activity is modulated by phosphorylation within the conserved activation loop (Thr505) as well as the autophosphorylation site (Ser645) and hydrophobic, carboxy-terminal residue (Ser664).
• Interestingly, PKC delta funtionality is uniquely regulated by phosphorylation at tyrosine residues by receptor tyrosine kinases, members of the Src kinase family, and c-Abl.
• For more information regarding PKC delta phosphorylation sites, please see PhosphoSitePlus® (www.phosphosite.org.
• Applications:Suitable for use in Western Blot.
• Other applications not tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Western Blot: 1:500-1:2000Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
• Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
• Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Store at -20°C.
• Aliquots are stable for 12 months.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.