84-3997-39　Protein S100-A9 (HRP) 50ug　331034

特徴

• S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response.
• It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism.
• Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions.
• The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase.
• Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX.
• The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities.
• Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration.
• Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER).
• Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade.
• Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn2+ which is essential for microbial growth.
• Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3.
• Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect, regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK.
• Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants.
• Applications:Suitable for use in ELISA and Immunohistochemistry.
• Other applications not tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
• Storage and Stability:Store product at 4°C if to be used immediately within two weeks.
• For long-term storage, aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing and store at -20°C.
• Aliquots are stable at -20°C for 12 months after receipt.
• Dilute required amount only prior to immediate use.
• Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
• Note: Sodium azide is a potent inhibitor of peroxidase and should not be added to HRP conjugates.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.