84-3922-47　PRKAA2 (PRKAA, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase) 100ul　330495

特徴

• Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism.
• In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation.
• AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators.
• Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton, probably by indirectly activating myosin.
• Regulates lipid synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating lipid metabolic enzymes such as ACACA, ACACB, GYS1, HMGCR and LIPE, regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA and ACACB) and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) enzymes, respectively.
• Regulates insulin-signaling and glycolysis by phosphorylating IRS1, PFKFB2 and PFKFB3.
• AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in muscle by increasing the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, possibly by mediating phosphorylation of TBC1D4/AS160.
• Regulates transcription and chromatin structure by phosphorylating transcription regulators involved in energy metabolism such as CRTC2/TORC2, FOXO3, histone H2B, HDAC5, MEF2C, MLXIPL/ChREBP, EP300, HNF4A, p53/TP53, SREBF1, SREBF2 and PPARGC1A.
• Acts as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver by phosphorylating CRTC2/TORC2, leading to CRTC2/TORC2 sequestration in the cytoplasm.
• In response to stress, phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of histone H2B (H2BS36ph), leading to promote transcription.
• Acts as a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating TSC2, RPTOR and ATG1/ULK1: in response to nutrient limitation, negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex by phosphorylating RPTOR component of the mTORC1 complex and by phosphorylating and activating TSC2.
• In response to nutrient limitation, promotes autophagy by phosphorylating and activating ATG1/ULK1.
• AMPK also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythm by mediating phosphorylation of CRY1, leading to destabilize it.
• May regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by phosphorylating CTNNB1, leading to stabilize it.
• Also phosphorylates CFTR, EEF2K, KLC1, NOS3 and SLC12A1.
• Plays an important role in the differential regulation of pro-autophagy (composed of PIK3C3, BECN1, PIK3R4 and UVRAG or ATG14) and non-autophagy (composed of PIK3C3, BECN1 and PIK3R4) complexes, in response to glucose starvation.
• Can inhibit the non-autophagy complex by phosphorylating PIK3C3 and can activate the pro-autophagy complex by phosphorylating BECN1.
• Applications:Suitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot.
• Other applications not tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Western Blot: 1:500-2000Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
• Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
• Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Store at -20°C.
• Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.