Glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha(GSK-3alpha) and GSK-3beta are highly similar isoforms of serine/ threonine kinases that regulate metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, which are responsible for coordinating processes such as glycogen synthesis and cell adhesion.
GSK-3beta activity is also required for nuclear activity of Rel dimers, which mediate an anti-apoptotic response to TNFalpha in mice.
GSK-3 catalytic kinase activity is controlled through differential phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues, which have an inhibitory effect, and tyrosine residues, which have an activating effect.
Growth factor stimulation of mammalian cells expressing GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta induces phosphorylation of Ser 21 and Ser 9, respectively, through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent pathway, thereby enhancing proliferative signals.
Additionally, GSK-3 physically associates with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates Ser 21 of GSK-3alpha or Ser 9 of GSK-3beta and inactivates both forms.
GSK-3alpha/beta is positively regulated by phosphorylation on Tyr 279 and Tyr 216, respectively.
Activated GSK-3alpha/beta participates in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation.
Tyrosine dephosphorylation of GSK-3 is involved in its extracellular signal-dependent inactivation.
Applications:Suitable for use in Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry.
Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:Western Blot: 1:500-1:2000Immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:200Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Store at -20°C.
Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
仕様
Size：50ul
Host：rabbit
Source Antibody：human
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography.
Form：Supplied as a liquid PBS, 0.1% sodium azide, 50% glycerol.
Specificity：Recognizes endogenous levels of GSK3beta, phosphorylated S9. Species Crossreactivity: Human
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：IHC WB
Calc Crossreactivity：Hu
Immunogen：Synthetic phosphopeptide derived from human GSK3β around the phosphorylation site of Serine 9.
