84-2289-99　Chlamydia trachomatis, Elementary Bodies (PE) 100ul　C4250-52G-PE

特徴

• Chlamydiaceae exists in two morphologically distinct forms, the small (9300-400nm) infectious Elementary Body (EB) and the larger (800-1000nm) noninfectious Reticulate Body (RB).
• EB is very resistant to harsh environmental factors.
• Chlamydiaceae does not replicate in the EB form.
• EBs bind to receptors on host cells and stimulate uptake by the infected cell.
• The RB is the metabolically active, replicating chlamydial form.
• This form is osmotically fragile.
• They are protected by their intracellular location.
• Chlamydiaceae have the following properties of bacteria: Possess inner and outer membranes similar to those of gram negative bacteria; Contains both DNA and RNA (genome size of approximately 500-1000kB); Possess prokaryotic ribosomes; Synthesizes their own proteins, nucleic acids and lipids; Are susceptible to numerous antibacterial antibiotics.
• Unlike bacteria, Chlamydiaceae lack a peptidoglycan layer.
• The outer membrane is extensively cross-linked by disulfide bonds between cystein residues.
• Other structural components of Chlamydiaceae are a genus-specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that can be detected in a complement fixation test and species- and strain-specific outer membrane proteins.
• Colonization of Chlamydia begins with attachment to sialic acid receptors on the eye, throat or genitalia.
• It persists at body sites that are inaccessible to phagocytes, T-cells, and B-cells.
• The growth cycle is initiated when the infectious EBs attach to the microvilli of susceptible cells.
• Followed by active penetration into the host cells.
• After internalization, the bacteria remain within cytoplasmic phagosomes, where the replicatve cycle proceeds.
• The fusion of the cellular lysosomes with the EB-containing phagosome and subsequent intracellular killing is inhibited.
• Phagolysosomal fusion is prevented if the outer membrane is intact.
• If the outer membrane is damaged or the bacteria are inactivated by heat or coated with antibodies, phagolysosomal fusion occurs with subsequent bacteral killing.
• Within 6-8 hours after entering the host cell, the EBs reorganize into the metabolically active RBs.
• RBs are able to synthesize their own DNA, RNA and proteins.
• They lack the necessary metabolic pathways to produce their own high energy phospahte compounds.
• Chlamydiaceae have been termed energy parasite.
• Some strains depend upon the host to provide specific amino acids.
• RBs replicate by binary fussion, which continues for the next 18-24 hours.
• Approximately 18-24 hours after infection, the RBs begin reorganizing into the smaller EBs.
• Between 48-72 hours, the host cell ruptures, releasing the infective EBs.
• Chlamydiaceae exists as 15 different serotypes.
• These serotypes cause four major diseases in humans: endemic trachoma (caused by serotypes A and C), sexually transmitted disease and inclusion conjunctivitis (caused by serotypes D and K), and lymphogranuloma venereum (caused by serotypes L1, L2, and L3).
• Studies reveal that Chlamydia, because of its cell wall, is able to inhibit phagolysosome fusion in phagocytes.
• The cell wall is proposed to be gram-negative in that it contains an outer lipopolysaccharide membrane, but it lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall.
• This lack of peptidoglycan is shown by the inability to detect muramic acid and antibodies directed against it.
• It may, however, contain a carboxylated sugar other than muramic acid.
• The proposed structure consists of a major outer membrane protein cross-linked with disulfide bonds.
• It also contain cysteine-rich proteins (CRP) that may be the functional equivalent to peptidoglycan.
• This unique structure allows for intracellular division and extracellular survival.
• Applications:Suitable for use in Indirect Immunofluorescence, Conjugation.
• May be used in place of neat antiserum in most antibody-based technique.
• Other applications not tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Indirect Immunofluorescence: 1:1000-1:3000 (Against all serovars (A-K, L1-L3)
• Optimal dilutions to be determined by researcher.
• Storage and Stability:Store product at 4°C in the dark.
• DO NOT FREEZE! Stable at 4°C for 12 months after receipt as an undiluted liquid.
• Dilute required amount only prior to immediate use.
• Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
• Caution: PE conjugates are sensitive to light.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap.
• Note: Applications are based on unconjugated antibody.