Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa) in humans is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine.
It is expressed by many different stimulated cell types including monocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and both T and B-lymphocytes, but especially by macrophages.
It affects most organs.
The production of TNF-a is induced by IL-1, PDGF, IFN-b NGF, Oncostatin M and certain fungal, viral, and parasitic invasions.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide is an especially potent stimulus.
The primary role of TNFa is in the regulation of immune cells.
TNFa mediates septic shock in response to infection.
It initiates a cascade of cytokines and increases vascular permeability, thereby recruiting macrophages and neutrophils.
TNFa secreted by macrophages causes blood clotting which helps contain infection.
TNFa is also able to induce apoptotic cell death or inflammation, and to inhibit viral replication.
It possesses growth stimulating, inhibitory, and self regulatory properties.
Dysregulation of TNFa production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, as well as cancer.
The presence of TNFa is responsible for diverse immunomodulatory and toxic effects.
For instance, TNFa induces neutrophil proliferation during inflammation, but it also induces neutrophil apoptosis upon binding to the TNF-R55 receptor.
TNFa causes necrosis of some types of tumors, but promotes growth of other types.
Low levels may aid in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the body's circadian rhythm, and may promote remodeling or replacement of injured and senescent tissue by stimulating fibroblast growth.
High levels of TNFa correlate with increased risk of mortality.
Applications:Suitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry.
Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:ELISA: 1:2000-1:2500Western Blot: 1:1000Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C.
Stable for 12 months at -20°C.
Reconstitute with sterile dH2O or PBS.
Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Store at -20°C.
Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20°C.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
仕様
Size：100ug
Host：rabbit
Source Antibody：porcine
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.
Form：Supplied as a lyophilized powder in 0.02M potassium phosphate, 0.15M sodium chloride, pH 7.2, 0.01% sodium azide. Reconstitute with sterile dH2O or PBS.
Specificity：Recognizes porcine TNFa.
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：E IHC WB
Calc Crossreactivity：Po
Immunogen：Recombinant protein corresponding to 154aa from porcine TNFa, expressed in yeast.
