After inhalation by mammals, Bacillus anthracis spores germinate in alveolar macrophages then migrate to lymph nodes where they multiply.
The vegetative bacteria excrete the tripartite exotoxin which consists of three polypeptides: protective antigen (PA, 83kD), lethal factor (LF, 90kD) and oedma factor (OF, 89kD).
The two components (OF/EF and LF) of the toxin enzymatically modify substrates within the cytosol of the mammalian cells: The OF/EF is an adenylate cyclase that impairs the host defenses through a variety of mechanisms inhibiting phagocytosis.
The LF is a zinc dependent protease that cleaves several mitogen activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK) and causes lysis of macrophages.
To intoxicate mammalian cells, the third component of the toxin PA, binds to a ubiquitously expressed cellular receptor, Tumor Endothelium Marker 8 (TEM8).
Upon binding to TEM8, PA is cleaved into 20 and 63kD fragments (PA20 and PA63) by furin or furin-like proteases.
PA20 dissociates into medium and allows the PA63 fragment to heptamerize and bind LF and OF of the toxin.
The resulting complex of PA63 fragment with EF and/or OF binds to PA-receptor TEM8/ATR and internalized into endosomes followed by translocation of LF and OF into cytosol of the cells.
B.
anthracis Edema Factor (LF) is one of the three proteins that comprise anthrax toxin, the others being lethal factor (LF), and protective antigen (PA).
Edema factor is a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase that is responsible for the swelling in cutaneous anthrax infections.
The cellular cAMP levels increases in host cells since the edema factor forms a complex with the host calmodulin which stimulates the activity of EF.
The EF also inhibits the immune response by removing calmodulin from involvement in calcium triggered signaling.
Applications:Suitable for use in ELISA.
Western Blot, though not tested, may potentially be used as an application.
Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:ELISA: 0.1-2ug/mlWestern Blot: 1-10ug/ml (ECL)Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C.
Stable for 12 months at -20°C.
Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O or PBS.
Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Store at -20°C.
Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20°C.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
仕様
Size：100ul
Host：goat
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography.
Form：Supplied as a lyophilized powder from PBS, 0.05% sodium azide.
Specificity：Recognizes Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor. Does not cross-react with Protective Antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, Y. Pestis, F. Tularensis and Toxoplasma gondi.
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：E
Immunogen：Recombinant corresponding to purified Bacillus anthracis Edema Factor (EF).
