84-1167-71　［取扱停止］ATM (Serine-protein Kinase ATM, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated, A-T Mutated) 50ug　A4000-25G

特徴

• Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a recessive childhood disease caused by mutations in the ATM (AT-mutated) gene.
• Symptoms include neurological abnormalities that cause unsteady posture, dilated blood vessels, infertility, radiation sensitivity, immune deficiencies and lymphoid malignancies.
• It appears that the diverse defects seen in ATM null mammals are manifestations of disparate signal transduction defects.
• The ATM protein is related to a family of proteins through a C-terminal phoshatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) domain.
• ATM also shares sequence homology with portions of the yeast RAD3 gene.
• The main role of ATM appears to be induction of a DNA-damage control pathway in response to genotoxic insults, such as ionizing radiation or anti-tumor medications and the programmed DNA breaks of meiosis.
• Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) are related kinases that regulate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair.
• ATM activates p53, increasing the p21Cip1 levels, thus blocking activation of cdk2.
• That results in Rb hypophosphorylation and blockage of the G1/S transition.
• Separately, ATM also phosphorylates and activates Chk1, which phosphorylates cdc25C, preventing it from phosphorylating the inhibitory phosphotyrosine residue on cdc2/cdk1, thus preventiing the G2/M transition.
• The identified substrates for ATM are p53, p95/NBS1, MDM2, Chk2, BRCA1, CtIP, 4E-BP1 and Chk1.
• The essential requirement for the substrates of ATM/ATR is S*/T*Q.
• Hydrophobic amino acids at positions -3 and -1, and negatively charged amino acids at position +1 are positive determinants for substrate recognition by these kinases.
• Positively charged residues surrounding the S/TQ are negative determinants for substrate phosphorylation.
• The complex phenotype of AT cells suggests that it must have other cellular substrates as well.
• In order to better understand the kinase and identify substrates for ATM and the related kinase ATR, we have antibodies that recognize phosphorylated serine or threonine in S*/T*Q motifs.
• As shown by ELISA, Phospho-(Ser/Thr) ATM/ATR Substrate Antibody is specific for phosphorylated ATM/ATR substrates.
• Applications:Suitable for use in Western Blot.
• Other applications not tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Western Blot: 1:500-1:1,000Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
• Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
• Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Store at -20°C.
• Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.