Highly reactive and potentially dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normally produced within the cells, primarily from the mitochondrial respiratory chain where in excess electrons are donated to molecular oxygen (o2) to generate peroxide anion (O2-).
Superoxide anion is reduced by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrogen peroxide is reduced to water (H2O) by catalase, located primarily in the peroxisomes, and by glutathione peroxidase (GPx), located in the mitochondria and cytosol.
Hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of transitions metals, can be converted to the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (OH.) and all three of the ROS (O2-, H2O2, and OH.) can damage macromolecules (proteins, DNA etc).
The GPxs are commonly considered the most important for ROS defense since they have broader substrate specificities and stronger affinity for H2O2 than catalases
Two of the main types of glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) that have been characterized in cells are the classical GPx (cGPx) and the phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx (PHGPx).
cGPx is multimeric (commonly tetrameric) and soluble, whereas PHGPx is monomeric and often membrane-associated.
In addition, whereas cGPx has specificity for glutathione as a reducing substrate, PHGPx re-reduction may be coupled to alternative systems such as the thioredoxin pathway .
Thus, PHGPx is often considered the principal cellular enzyme capable of repairing membrane lipid peroxidation, the highly damaging process that has been linked to pathological conditions such as ischemic injury, atherosclerosis, and carcinogenesis.
Human GPX1 (Glutathione peroxidase 1 or GSHPx-1 or Cellular glutathione peroxidase, 201-aa, chromosome 3p21.3) contains Selenium in the form of selenocysteine.
GPX is one of only a few proteins known in higher vertebrates to contain selenocysteine.
This unusual amino acid occurs at the active site of GPX and is coded by the nonsense (stop) scodon TGA.
Neonatal deficiency of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase, with hematologic consequences, may result from 'selenium imbalance' during pregnancy.
Applications:Western Blot: 1:500-1:2000 using ECL technique.
A 20-25kD band (under reducing conditions) is observed.
Native protein is ~88kD
ELISA: 1:1000-1:10,000; Control antigen can be used to coat ELISA plates at 1ug/ml.
Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
仕様
Size：100ul
Host：sheep
Source Antibody：human
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography.
Form：Supplied as a lyophilized powder from PBS, 0.05% sodium azide.
Specificity：Reacts with human GPX from red cells.
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：E WB
Calc Crossreactivity：Hu
Immunogen：Purified Human GPX from red cells (erythrocytes)
