84-1080-73　Biliverdin Reductase (BVR) 100ul　B1150-05

特徴

• Cleavage of heme b (Fe-protoporphyrin IX) at the alpha-methene carbon bridge to form the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IXa and carbon monoxide (CO) is catalyzed by heme oxygenase (HO) isozymes HO- 1 and HO-2 (heme hydrogen-donor: oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.99.3).
• In mammalian species biliverdin reductase (BVR; bilirubin: NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.3.1.24) converts the open tetrapyrrole to bilirubin.
• This pathway is the only efficient way of making bilirubin and hence deterring activation of oxygen by the heme molecule.
• The two isozymes of heme oxygen, one of which is referred to as HO-1, is a member of the heat shock protein family (Hsp32), and the second, or HO-2, is a constitutive form and is expressed at exceedingly high levels in the brain and testes.
• The end products of the heme degradation process have important physiological activities.
• CO is suspected of being a potential messenger in the brain and systemic organs wherein by interacting with the heme-dependent form of guanylate cyclase it stimulates cGMP-production.
• Bile pigments have been demonstrated to display potent antioxidant activity and have effective antiviral activity against HIV and herpes virus.
• BVR is unique among all enzymes characterized to date in having two pH optima (6.8 and 8.7), using a different cofactor at each pH range (NADH at pH 7.0 and NADPH at pH 8.7).
• The enzyme displays pI and molecular mass microheterogeneity which appear to be a result of post translational modifications.
• In rat the enzyme also shows a tissue specific developmental pattern.
• BVR is not a inactivated by heat shock and its preexisting message is not sequestered from translation subsequent to thermal stress.
• Furthermore, the microheterogeneity of the reductase is preserved under thermal stress.
• BVR is expressed not only in cells and brain regions that already display HO-1 and HO-2, but also in regions and cell types that have the potential of inducing stress proteins.
• Rat cDNA for BVR has been isolated and characterized.
• The deduced protein has 3 cysteine residues (Cys73, Cys281, and Cys290) which are involved in cofactor and substrate binding.
• Human BVR is a substantially longer polypeptide than the rat enzyme (41-42kD vs.
• 33kD), but is also dual cofactor, dual pH dependent, requires free SH groups for activity and displays pI and molecular mass microheterogeneity.
• The human and rat BVR share some antigenic epitopes and show immunochemical cross reactivity (1-8).
• Applications:Suitable for use in Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation.
• Other applications not tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Western Blot (ECL): 1:1000Immunoprecipitation: 1:100Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
• Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
• Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Store at -20°C.
• Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.