The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are a family of multifunctional serine/threonine kinases implicated in cell functions ranging from stress responses and apoptosis to regulation of cell motility and tumor metastasis.
The three mammalian PAKs, termed PAKs 1,2, 3 or α, γ, β respectively, are members of a larger family of kinases whose catalytic domains are related to the Ste20 kinase of S.
cerevisiae(5).
The activity of PAKS are regulated by the specific binding of GTP-bound Rac and Cdc42 GTPases(1-3) and also by sphingosine and related lipids(4).
PAK1 activation induced by a variety of growth factor- and Gprotein-coupled receptors, Fc receptors, and integrins has been reported.
PAK1 has been shown to regulate activity of the MAP kinase signaling cascades.
In certain cell types, PAK appears to mediate signaling to c-Jun amino terminal (JNK) kinase and p38 MAP kinase(5-7).
Recent data suggests PAKs are importantfor the synergy between Ras and Rac to activate the ERK MAP kinases as well(7-9), and this activity of PAK may be necessary for cell transformation(7,9).
PAK1 has been localized to areas of cortical actin cytoskeletal rearrangement(10) and PAK1 mutants have been shown to induce the formation of membrane ruffles, filipodia, and focal complexes in fibroblasts, while decreasing actin stress fiber and focal adhesions(11,12).
Neurite extension is induced by PAK1 in PC12 cells, and NGFinduced neurite formation requires PAK function(13).
Many of these biological effects appear to be independent of PAK kinase activity, but involve protein-protein interactions at the PAK N-terminus.
PAK1 has been shown to bind to the SH3-containing proteins Nck(14) and PIX(15).
PAK1 activation has proven useful as an indicator of Rac and Cdc42 activity in many of these processes.
Applications:Suitable for use in ELISA, Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation.
Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:ELISA: 0.1-1ug/mlWestern Blotting: 1ug/mlImmunoprecipitation: 2-5ugOptimal dilution determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and add glycerol (40-50%).
Freeze at -20°C.
Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
仕様
Size：100ug
Host：rabbit
Source Antibody：human
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by affinity chromatography.
Form：Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.4, containing 0.09% sodium azide.
Specificity：Specific for the 68kD PAK1 (αPAK) protein and does not react with the closely related PAK2 (γPAK) or PAK3 (βPAK) proteins. Reactivity of this antibody has been confirmed by Western blotting using lysates derived from NIH 3T3 cells, Jurkat cells, and COS-7 cells transfected with a PAK1 expression vector. Reacts with PAK1 from human, mouse and rat.
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：E IP WB
Calc Crossreactivity：Hu
Immunogen：Synthetic peptide derived from an internal sequence in the human PAK1 protein. This sequence is identical in human,mouse, and rat PAK1.
