The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of serine/threonine kinases is engaged in multiple cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, MAPK signaling, apoptotic signaling, control of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth (1,2).
Several mechanisms that induce PAK activation have been reported.
Binding of Rac/cdc42 to the CRIB (or PBD) domain at the N-terminal region of PAK causes autophosphorylation and conformational change of PAK (1).
Phosphorylation of PAK1 at threonine 423 by PDK induces activation of PAK1 (3).
Several autophosphorylation sites have been identified, including serines 199 and 204 of PAK1 and serines 192 and 197 of PAK2 (4,5).
Because the autophosphorylation sites are located in the N-terminal inhibitory domain, it has been hypothesized that modification in this region prevents the kinase from reverting to an inactive conformation (6).
Recent research indicates that phosphorylation of serine 144 of PAK1 or serine 139 of PAK3, which is located in the kinase inhibitory domain, affects the kinase activity (7).
Phosphorylation of serine 21 of PAK1 or serine 20 of PAK2 regulates its binding with the adaptor protein Nck (8).
As recently identified members, PAK4, PAK5 and PAK6 have lower sequence similarity with PAK1–3 in the regulatory N-terminal region (9).
It has been demonstrated that phosphorylation of serine 474 of PAK4, an analogous site to threonine 423 of PAK1, may play a pivotal role in the activity and function of PAK4 kinase (10).
Recommended Dilution: Western Blotting: 1:1000, incubate membrane with diluted antibody in 5% BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween-20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Molecular Weight:PAK2 61-67/PAK1/3 68-74kD
Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4°C for short-term only.
For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
仕様
Size：100ul
Host：rabbit
Source Antibody：human
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.
Form：Supplied as liquid in 10mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150mM sodium chloride, 0.1mg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol. No preservative added.
Specificity：Detects endogenous human PAK1, PAK2 and PAK3 only when phosphorylated at Thr423, Thr402 and Thr421, respectively. Does not crossreact with phosphorylated PAK4, PAK5 or PAK6. Does crossreact with phospho-Mst1 (Thr183) or phospho-Mst2 (Thr180). Species Crossreactivity: Guinea pig. Predicted to crossreact with mouse and rat based on sequence homology.
Isotype：IgG
Calc Applications Abbrev：E WB
Calc Crossreactivity：Gp Hu Mo Rt
Immunogen：Synthetic phosphopeptide (KLH coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding Thr423 of human PAK1.
