84-1016-74　Vaccinia Virus (Lister strain) (FITC) 1ml　V0500-05

特徴

• Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family of viruses.
• It has a linear double-stranded DNA genome, which is approximately 190kb in length and encodes for approximately 250 genes.
• The dimensions of the virion are roughly 360 × 270 × 250nm.
• Vaccinia virus is well-known for its role as a vaccine that eradicated the smallpox disease from our world, making it the first human disease to be successfully eradicated by mankind.
• This endeavor was carried out by the World Health Organization under the Smallpox Eradication Program.
• Post eradication of smallpox, scientists have been studying vaccinia virus to use as a tool for delivering genes into biological tissues (gene therapy and genetic engineering).
• Moreover, due to recent concerns about smallpox resurfacing as a possible agent for bioterrorism, scientists have renewed their interests in studying vaccinia virus.
• Vaccinia virus is unique amongst all DNA viruses because it replicates only in the cytoplasm of the host cell (outside of the nucleus).
• Therefore, the large genome is required for encoding various enzymes and proteins involved in viral DNA replication and gene transcription.
• During its replication cycle, VV produces several infectious forms which differ in their outer membranes: the intracellular mature virion (IMV), the intracellular enveloped virion (IEV), the cell-associated enveloped virion (CEV) and the extracellular enveloped virion (EEV).
• Although the issue remains contentious, the prevailing view is that the IMV consists of a single lipoprotein membrane, while the CEV and EEV are both surrounded by two membrane layers and the IEV has three envelopes.
• The IMV is the most abundant infectious form and is thought to be responsible for spread between hosts.
• On the other hand, the CEV is believed to play a role in cell-to-cell spread and the EEV is thought to be important for long range dissemination within the host organism
• [edit]Host resistance
• Vaccinia contains within its genome several proteins that give the virus resistance to interferons.
• K3L is a protein with homology towards the protein eIF-2alpha.
• K3L protein inhibits the action of PKR, an activator of interferons.
• E3L is another protein encoded by vaccinia.
• E3L also inhibits PKR activation; and is also able to bind to double stranded RNA.
• Vaccinia virus is closely related to the virus that causes cowpox.
• The precise origin of vaccinia virus is unknown due to the lack of record-tracking as the virus was repeatedly cultivated and passaged in research laboratories for many decades.
• The most common notion is that vaccinia virus, cowpox virus and variola virus (the causative agent for smallpox) were all derived from a common ancestral virus.
• There is also speculation that vaccinia virus was originally isolated from horses.
• Virus classification:Group:Group I (dsDNA)Family:PoxviridaeGenus:OrthopoxvirusSpecies:Vaccinia virus
• Applications:Suitable for use in FLISA and Immunofluorescence.
• Other applications have not been tested.
• Recommended Dilution:Direct Immunofluorescence: 1:10-1:50.
• Direct FA staining of target antigens in a permissive tissue culture system.
• Acetone fixation of the antigen source is recommended prior to staining.
• Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
• Storage and Stability:Store product at 4°C if to be used immediately within two weeks.
• For long-term storage, aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing and store at -20°C.
• Aliquots are stable at -20°C for 12 months after receipt.
• Dilute required amount only prior to immediate use.
• Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
• Caution: FITC conjugates are sensitive to light.
• For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.