4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product that reacts with lysine, cysteine, or histidine residues in proteins.1 It is found in all tissues and serum, and the formation of 4-HNE-modified proteins is associated with oxidative stress.
4-HNE can ligate to and inactivate cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of cell proliferation and differentiation, increased intracellular calcium levels and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis.
4-HNE levels are negatively regulated by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and aldo-keto reductases (AKRs).
Increased levels of 4-HNE protein adducts are found at the cell membrane, in the mitochondria, and in the cytosol during ferroptosis in vitro.2 4-HNE reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential, as well as increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in vitro.3 4-HNE protein adducts increase in an age-related manner in the kidney, spleen, ovary, and uterus, but not the liver, in rats.2 4-HNE protein adducts are increased and GST levels are decreased in the brain of older mice in a Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, and increased levels of 4-HNE-modified proteins, including manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a-enolase, and malate dehydrogenase, are found in the inferior parietal lobule in postmortem brain from patients with early Alzheimer's disease.4,5 HNEJ-1 has high affinity for 4-HNE modifications at lysine, cysteine, or histidine residues, whereas HNEJ-2-5 have varying affinities for lysine and cysteine adducts.6
Applications:Suitable for use in Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry.
Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilutions:Western Blot: 1:500Immunohistochemistry: 1:100-1:200Immunofluorescence: 1:100-1:200Immunoprecipitation: 5-10ug/testOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:May be stored at 4℃ for short-term only.
Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Store at -20℃.
Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt.
For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
仕様
Size：100ug
抗体種類：Mab
宿主：mouse
Grade：Affinity Purified
Purity：Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.
Form：Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.2, 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol.
