概要：A-431 cells are a human cell line derived from a solid epidermoid carcinoma tumor in an 85-year-old female patient.
This cell line has an epithelial morphology and grows in clusters.
Because of their high EGFR expression levels are frequently used as a positive control for EGFR expression in cancer, toxicity, and immuno-oncology studies.
A-431 cells stimulated by EGF undergo rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins that control cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and death.
EGF promotes A-431 cell proliferation at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations, it inhibits cell growth by inducing terminal differentiation.
Additional in vitro studies show that EGF significantly inhibits protein synthesis and DNA replication.
Although several receptors are involved in the EGF-induced down-regulation of A431 cells, the loss of EGFR expression is less pronounced than in other cell types.
Bradykinin inhibits both baseline and EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation in A-431 cells.
In response to phorbol esters and Sertoli cell-secreted growth factor (SCSGF), A-431 cells express the interleukin 1-related protein IL1H.
Because of their high EGFR expression, A-431 cells are frequently used in cancer-related studies on the cell cycle and cell signaling pathways.
They are highly susceptible to mitogenic stimulation because they lack a functional copy of p53, a potent tumor suppressor gene.
A-431 cells demonstrated antitumorigenic effects of additional EGF and radiation-sensitive characteristics in xenografts.
The A-431 cell line is an appropriate cell model for evaluating cancer therapy because it has been engineered to express tumor antigens such as mesothelin and GPC3.
A-431 cells are hypertriploid with a median chromosomal number of 74, which is found in 36% of them.
They can proliferate in soft agar colonies and subcutaneous tumors in mice with compromised immunity.
The cells express many isoenzymes, including AK-1, ES-D, G6PD, GLO-I, Me-2, PGM1 and PGM3.
Karyotype：Six marker chromosomes with rearrangements: der(6), der(7), der(17), der(21), dic(13,14), and dic(14,18). Amplification of the C-MYC oncogene at 8q24 in two marker chromosomes: dup(8)(q24) and der(15)t(8,15)(q22,p11).
